Result of the research : 'tradition'
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Maurice de Vlaminck
Maurice de Vlaminck. The River Seine at Chatou, 1906
Born 4 April 1876(1876-04-04)
Paris, France
Died 11 October 1958 (aged 82)
Nationality French
Field Painting
Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 – 11 October 1958) was a French painter. Along with André Derain and Henri Matisse he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense color.
Maurice de Vlaminck was born in Paris to a family of musicians. His father taught him to play the violin.He began painting in his late teens. In 1893, he studied with a painter named Henri Rigalon on the Ile de Chatou. In 1894 he married Suzanne Berly. The turning point in his life was a chance meeting on the train to Paris towards the end of his stint in the army. Vlaminck, then 23, met an aspiring artist, André Derain, with whom he struck up a life-long friendship. When Vlaminck completed his army service in 1900, the two rented a studio together for a year before Derain left to do his own military service. In 1902 and 1903 he wrote several mildly pornographic novels illustrated by Derain.He
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Henri Matisse
Photo of Henri Matisse by Carl Van Vechten, 1933.
Birth name Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse
Born 31 December 1869 (1869-12-31)
Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Died 3 November 1954 (1954-11-04) (aged 84)
Nice, France
Nationality French
Field painting, printmaking, sculpture, drawing, collage
Training Académie Julian, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Gustave Moreau
Movement Fauvism, Modernism
Works Woman with a Hat (Madame Matisse), 1905
in museums:
* Museum of Modern Art
Patrons Gertrude Stein, Etta Cone, Claribel Cone, Michael and Sarah Stein, Albert C.
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Tristan Tzara
Born April 4 or April 16, 1896
Moineşti, Kingdom of Romania
Died December 25, 1963 (aged 67)
Paris, France
Pen name S. Samyro, Tristan, Tristan Ruia, Tristan Ţara, Tr. Tzara
Occupation poet, essayist, journalist, playwright, performance artist, composer, film director, politician, diplomat
Nationality Romanian, French
Writing period 1912–1963
Guillaume Apollinaire, Henri Barzun, Fernand Divoire, Alfred Jarry, Jules Laforgue, Comte de Lautréamont, Maurice Maeterlinck, Adrian Maniu, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Ion Minulescu, Christian Morgenstern, Francis Picabia, Arthur Rimbaud, Urmuz, François Villon, Walt Whitman
Influenced
Louis Aragon, Marcel Avramescu, Samuel Beckett, André Breton, William S. Burroughs, Andrei Codrescu, Jacques G.
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Arman
Armand Pierre Arman
Birth name Armand Pierre Fernandez
Born November 17, 1928(1928-11-17)
Nice, France
Died October 22, 2005 (aged 76)
New York City
Nationality French
Field Sculpture, Painting, Printmaking
Movement Nouveau Réalisme
Influenced by Kurt Schwitters, Vincent van Gogh, Surrealism, Dada, Serge Poliakoff, Nicolas de Stael
Arman (November 17, 1928 – October 22, 2005) was a French-born American artist.Born Armand Pierre Fernandez in Nice, France, Arman is a painter who moved from using the objects as paintbrushes ("allures d'objet") to using them as the painting itself. He is best known for his "accumulations" and destruction/recomposition of objects.
Biography
Arman's father, Antonio Fernandez,
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André Breton
André Breton (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the principal founder of Surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic automatism".
Biography
Born to a family of modest means in Tinchebray (Orne) in Normandy, he studied medicine and psychiatry. During World War I he worked in a neurological ward in Nantes, where he met the spiritual son of Alfred Jarry, Jacques Vaché, whose anti-social attitude and disdain for established artistic tradition influenced Breton considerably. Vaché committed suicide at age 24 and his war-time letters to Breton and others were published in a volume entitled Lettres de guerre (1919), for which Breton wrote four introductory essays.
From Dada to Surrealism
In 1919 Breton founded the review Littérature with Louis Aragon and Philippe Soupault. He also connected with Dadaist Tristan Tzara. In 1924 he was instrumental to the founding of the Bureau of Surrealist Research.
In The Magnetic Fields (Les Champs Magnétiques), a collaboration with Soupault, he put the principle of automatic writing into practice. He published the Surrealist Manifesto in 1924, and was editor of La
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Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso 1962
Birth name Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso
Born 25 October 1881(1881-10-25)
Málaga, Spain
Died 8 April 1973 (aged 91)
Mougins, France
Nationality Spanish
Field Painting, Drawing, Sculpture, Printmaking, Ceramics
Training Jose Ruíz (father), Academy of Arts, Madrid
Movement Cubism
Works Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
Guernica (1937) The Weeping Woman (1937)
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Commonly known simply as Picasso, he is one of the most
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André Derain
Born 10 June 1880(1880-06-10)
Chatou, Yvelines,
Île-de-France
Died 8 September 1954 (aged 74)
Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France
André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse.
Biography
Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France, just outside Paris. In 1898, while studying to be an engineer at the Académie Camillo, he attended painting classes under Eugène Carrière, and there met Matisse. In 1900, he met and shared a studio with Maurice de Vlaminck and began to paint his first landscapes. His studies were interrupted from 1901 to 1904 when he was conscripted into the French army. Following his release from service, Matisse persuaded Derain's parents to allow him to abandon his engineering career and devote himself solely to painting; subsequently Derain attended the Académie Julian.
Derain and Matisse worked together through the summer of 1905 in the Mediterranean village of Collioure and later that year displayed their highly
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THE PAINTINGS OF CHURCH ABBA ANTONIOS
The paintings on canvas of Abba Antonios church in Gondar in Ethiopia were collected by Marcel Griaule and his team at the Dakar-Djibouti mission in 1932. They probably date from the late eighteenth century and measure (for the pieces installed at the Musée du Quai Branly) about 2.3 meters high. All bear the inventory numbers from 31.74.3584 to 31.74.3630.
DESCRIPTION
The paintings in the church are made Abba Antonios egg on a canvas backing. They are mainly figures of saints, or episodes of Christian history (Old and New Testament apocryphal writings), arranged in superimposed registers.
At the Musée du Quai Branly, the totality of what has been harvested (60 sq.m.) is not exposed. In the room devoted to Ethiopian paintings, on the right shows a St. George, followed by a representation of God overcoming the Covenant of Grace and twelve priests of Heaven, from the west wall of the church. Opposite the entrance, three holy knights recognizable opponents it lands (small naked figures for St. Theodore, a centaur, a lion's body and tail shaped double snake for St. Claude, the emperor Julian the apostolate who tried to restore paganism to holy Mercury) overcome the images of the first Christian martyrs who have proclaimed the Gospel, namely John the Baptist, St. Paul, St. Peter and St. Etienne. Finally on the left wall you can see four of the kings of the Old Testament in the upper register (David, Solomon, Hezekiah and Josiah) and a couple of
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Jean Paul Barbier-Mueller est un collectionneur suisse, né à Genève en 1930.
Biographie
Il a subi l’influence d’un père que tout passionnait : la poésie, la philosophie, la musique (une des ses oeuvres fut créée à Seattle en 1985) ou la science (il obtint son doctorat en biologie à l’âge de 47 ans).
Après des études de droit à Genève et à Londres, il s’inscrit au Barreau, mais se retrouve assez rapidement au service d’une grande banque, puis directeur, à 28 ans, d’une société financière. En 1960, il crée sa propre entreprise, la Société privée de gérance, spécialisée dans la gestion du parc locatif immobilier d’investisseurs institutionnels et la construction d’immeubles à caractère social.
Collectionneur à la suite de son beau-père Josef Mueller, il s’oriente vers les arts « non occidentaux ». Avec sa femme Monique, il crée en 1977 le musée Barbier-Mueller, qui organise plus de soixante-quinze expositions, la plupart accompagnées d'importants catalogues, présentant les différentes sections de la collection familiale, avec la collaboration des plus grands musées d’Europe, d’Amérique et d’Asie. Il conduit lui-même ou finance des recherches à Sumatra, en Côte
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Museo Etnografico Africa-Mozambico
Bari
The artifacts come from the African Mission of Capuchin firars in Mozambique: they include masks, musical instruments, objetcs made of ivory as well as a lot of documents.
Museo Villaggio Africano
Basella di Urgnano
The works exhibited in this museum-village since 1984 come from the collection of a Passionist Missionaries, a religious congregation founded in 1743. Tribal handcraft works are on display in the museum-village but some are also for sale. The profits go to the congregation whicj helps people in Africa. The objects come mainly from Sub-Saharan Africa (Dogon, Baule, Mahongwe).
Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "Enrico Caffi"
Bergamo
The museum was born in 1917 when the cabinet of curiosities of the Royal Technical Institute was merged with several private collections of the area. After several places, it was finally established in the sumptuous Piazza Cittadella palace in 1960. The ethnographical section just opened: the largest part of the collection was brought back by Costantino Beltrami, who "discovered" the source of the Mississipi River; it includes
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For children, play is a way to project their future social role. Traditionally, Africa, the slingshot can practice hunting, dolls prepare to be a mother. But in Africa, the same objects are sometimes used by adults. The "toys" to load defaults and then become ritual objects decorated accordingly. They are then intended to deal with the spirits of the afterlife that are everywhere. It is true of "dolls" made by women who want a child. These dolls are the subject of fertility care. They are fed, washed, transported like real babies. Thus, among the Mossi, the biga is increased until birth and care she receives before the newborn. Among the Yoruba, the child timber is filled with the spirit of the model. The Ibeji, representing the twin died? is also the object of attentive care of the mother. She takes care throughout his life, and female offspring of mothers who receive the ibeji legacy, continued to provide care. The child remains well among his own people.
Time of my youth, I played with soldiers and my sister a doll. Today's children spend their time to explode, but virtually hard, thousands of invaders and girls bêtifient even before their Barbie dolls. The spirit remains the same. Yesterday also in Africa, children playing were preparing for their future role in the community. Slings allowed to practice hunting birds or
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Art
Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music and literature. The meaning of art is explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics.
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problematic since the early 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes three approaches: the Realist, whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute value independent of any human view; the Objectivist, whereby it is also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience; and the Relativist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans. An object may be characterized by the intentions, or lack thereof, of its creator, regardless of its apparent purpose. A cup, which ostensibly can be used as a container, may be considered art if intended solely as an ornament, while a painting may be deemed craft if mass-produced.
Traditionally, the term art was used to refer to any skill or mastery. This conception changed during the Romantic period, when art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science". Generally, art is made with the intention of stimulating thoughts and emotions.
The nature of art has been described by Richard Wollheim as "one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture". It has been defined
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DE L'ART ANCIEN AFRICAIN, DE L'ETHNOLOGIE ET DU MUSEE: POUR UN RECENTREMENT DE L'ESTHETIQUE...
Au
commencement était la nuit. Une longue nuit pour l'esthétique
africaine. Ce fut le règne sans partage du musée dit «de séries»,
véritable vitrine du colonialisme, de confession évolutionniste et dont
l'approche contextualiste célébrait l'Etrange, chantait l'Aventure et
la Science. A cette époque point d'« objets », que des curiosités,
trésors de guerre et pièces de laboratoires de chevronnés «
Civilisateurs ». Il n'était pas rare alors, de voir des sculptures
côtoyer dans les vitrines : cornes, peaux de bêtes et autres feuilles
de palmier. Puis, il y eut le regard affûté d'une jeune génération
d'artistes particulièrement douée et par ailleurs cruellement blasée,
en quête de médecine pour un art européen las de son académisme figé.
Cette génération vit dans ce fouillis les moyens d'une rédemption...
Une
certaine révolution est venue corriger l'évidente injustice, consacrant
depuis le siècle dernier des expositions à caractère esthétique pour la
production africaine. Désormais, les objets, dans une dramaturgie
suggérée par les seules qualités plastiques, invitent à un rapport
nouveau. Exit la surabondance, la cacophonie et le "meurtre du vrai"
que génère la tentative bancale de reconstitution de l'ailleurs
fantasmé. Ici on ne rejoue pas le film de l'heureuse rencontre avortée
entre "civilisés" et "primitifs". Nous avons les vrais Stars que sont
les objets, mais d'une
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Tribe
A tribe, is a social group of humans connected by a shared system of values and organized for mutual care, defense, and survival beyond that which could be attained by a lone individual or family. A 'tribe' is defined in anthropology. When viewed historically or developmentally, a tribe is a mutual care system which, unlike a kingdom or state or other schema, is oriented around kinship and shared beliefs. Tribes can well exist simultaneously with other schema (see Schema (psychology)) such as states or other systems. They might consist of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states. Tribes are the most enduring and successful social survival system that has ever existed on earth. Tribes can exist within or without a state or kingdom and may or may not depend on the state or kingdom to endure.
Many anthropologists use the term to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups.
Some theorists hold that tribes represent a stage in social evolution intermediate between bands and states. Other theorists argue that tribes developed after, and must be understood in terms of their relationship to states.
Etymology
The English word tribe occurs in 13th century Middle English literature as referring to one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. The word is from Old French tribu, in turn from Latin tribus, referring to the original tripartite ethnic
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Un rite ou rituel
est une séquence d'actions stéréotypées, chargées de signification
(action « symbolique »), et organisées dans le temps. Le rite n'est pas
spontané: au contraire, il est réglé, fixé, codifié, et le respect de
la règle garantit l'efficacité du rituel. Les deux mots rite et rituels
sont issus du latin "ritus" pour le premier et de "rituales libri"
(livre traitant des rites) pour le second. Le rite est un élément d'un
rituel.
Les rituels peuvent intervenir dans la plupart des
circonstances de la vie. On distingue ainsi des rituels sacrés (messe,
prière...) et des rituels profanes (voeux de Nouvel An, manifestations
sportives...); des rituels sociaux (rites de politesse, discours de
promotion ou de fin d'année...) et des rituels privés (rites de la
toilette, de la séduction...). Cette situation explique que les
sciences humaines dans leur ensemble s'intéressent à la question:
sociologie, psychologie sociale, psychopathologie, anthropologie,
histoire...
On pourrait dire que tout rite est "religieux" (donc
sacré) si l'on se fie au double sens étymologique de "relier" et "se
recueillir", s'unir volontairement à la tradition que le rite consacre.
Opinions diverses et différentes approches
On
trouve dans l'histoire des sciences humaines différentes approches des
rituels: une approche que l'on pourrait qualifier d'éthologie humaine,
issue notamment des travaux de Konrad Lorenz; une certaine tradition
sociologique qui, depuis les travaux d'Émile Durkheim traite les
rituels comme des éléments du sacré; un courant issu de la psychanalyse
qui rattache les rituels sociaux à des systèmes de
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Un
reliquaire est au départ une sorte de coffret destiné à abriter une ou
plusieurs reliques. Les reliquaires sont en fait d'une grande variété
de forme et d'usage.
Les reliquaires dans le christianisme
Au sens premier du mot, un reliquaire (du latin reliquiarium) contient les reliques d'un saint chrétien.
Différentes catégories
* La forme la plus ancienne du reliquaire chrétien est la châsse (du
latin capsa, « boîte », « coffre »), qui rappelle le cercueil primitif
et contient le corps entier du saint.
Icône de détail Article détaillé : Châsse.
* Dans certaines églises comme à Rouen, on a conservé longtemps le
vieux terme de fierte (du latin feretrum, « brancard » ou « civière
mortuaire »).
* Le terme reliquaire s'applique théoriquement à tout récipient
contenant des reliques, y compris les châsses, mais en pratique on le
réserve à des coffrets et boîtes de plus petite taille qui ne
contiennent pas le corps entier d'un saint.
* On a parfois
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Le pigment est une
substance colorée naturelle ou artificielle. Dans la nature cela
peut-être le constituant d'un minéral ou bien une substance organique,
animale ou végétale, présente dans les cellules d'un organisme vivant
et produisant la couleur.En art ou en industrie les pigments sont des
poudres, généralement broyées très finement avant d'être mises en
suspension dans un liant (ou médium), liquide, plus ou moins fluide, ou
visqueux, pour obtenir les peintures, les enduits, ou les encres. Ils
sont généralement insolubles dans le milieu se fixant à la surface du
support sur lequel on l'applique, contrairement aux teintures qui
pénètrent dans les fibres.
Histoire
Les colorants étaient
connus et utilisés depuis la plus haute Antiquité. Les Sumériens,
Grecs, Romains, Égyptiens, Mayas, etc. les utilisaient abondamment,
notamment comme produits cosmétiques.
Cependant, ces colorants,
malgré leur très grande efficacité, ne sont plus utilisés car ils
contenaient des sels métalliques hautement toxiques comme des
arséniates, du carbonate de cuivre ou vert-de-gris, de la céruse sans
oublier l'antimoine, le mercure, le plomb, etc.
Botanique
Substance organique produisant la couleur constitutive des éléments de la plante :
* feuilles : chlorophylle (E140), anthocyanes (E163) (ou lipochromes) rouges, bleus ou violets
* tronc :
* racines : carotène (caroténoïdes E160)
Les principaux pigments naturels (colorants) extraits des plantes comprennent :
* l'indigo tiré de l'indigotier,
* le
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of human beings whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage that is real or presumed.
Ethnic identity is further marked by the recognition from others of a group's distinctiveness and the recognition of common cultural, linguistic, religious, behavioural ,, as indicators of contrast to other groups.
Ethnicity is an important means through which people can identify themselves. According to "Challenges of Measuring an Ethnic World: Science, politics, and reality", a conference organised by Statistics Canada and the United States Census Bureau (April 1–3, 1992), "Ethnicity is a fundamental factor in human life: it is a phenomenon inherent in human experience." However, many social scientists, like anthropologists Fredrik Barth and Eric Wolf, do not consider ethnic identity to be universal. They regard ethnicity as a product of specific kinds of inter-group interactions, rather than an essential quality inherent to human groups.Processes that result in the emergence of such identification are called ethnogenesis. Members of an ethnic group, on the whole, claim cultural continuities over time. Historians and cultural anthropologists have documented, however, that often many of the values, practices, and norms that imply continuity with the past are of relatively recent invention.
According to Thomas Hylland Eriksen, until recently the study of ethnicity was dominated by two distinct debates. One is between "primordialism" and
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Le terme avant-garde est emprunté au
vocabulaire militaire et désigne les troupes envoyées en avant de la
progression d’une armée. Ce
terme est aussi utilisé à partir du 20ème siècle pour désigner des
artistes ou des œuvres qui manifestent une volonté de rompre
radicalement avec des traditions, des conventions, des écoles établies.african art / art africain / primitive art / art primitif / arts
premiers / art gallery / art tribal / tribal art / l'oeil et la main /
galerie d'art premier / Paris / masques africains / mask /Agalom /
Armand Auxiètre / www.african-paris.com / www.agalom.com
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Armand Auxiètre always bathed in the universe of the collection. His grandfather and his father before him constituted, progressively time and discoveries, a collection of many and varied objects, from the old books to the objects coming from all the parts of Africa. Since he was young, Armand evolves in a particular universe, in which he educates his glance naturally. After having passed several diplomas of cabinet-making, he passed successfully its diploma of trade at the Ecole Boulle, and develops its knowledge in African art in parallel. The attraction between the african sculpture and Armand Auxiètre is initially plastic, immediate, obvious. A love was born, which will be developed with the wire of the meetings, discovered and the readings. Soon pleasure of being surrounded by works of art becoming too large to resist the urge to share this passion, Armand takes again the old bookshop of his grandmother, and perpetuates the family presence initiated in the Fifties at the 41 rue de Verneuil, by creating the gallery " L' Oeil et la Main". The name of the gallery is a tribute to the work of the artists, most of the time anonymous in the traditional african art, which creates and gives life to the material with their glance and their hands. Temporary exhibitions are regularly organized and offer the occasion to propose to the amateurs, experts or not, works of art answering to an unceasingly reactualized set of themes. Located in the historical Paris, in an old charm building, Armand Auxiètre's gallery presents a selection of works of a plastic high-quality, which are good to contemplate lengthily.
african art / art africain / primitive
art / art primitif / arts premiers / art gallery / art tribal / tribal
art / l'oeil et la main / galerie d'art premier / Agalom / Armand
Auxiètre / www.african-paris.com /
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