GALERIE ART PREMIER AFRICAIN GALERIE ART PRIMITIF AFRICAIN AFRICAN ART GALLERY

La Diagonale du Fou

par Jean-Michel Bouhours,
conservateur au musée national d'art moderne, commissaire de l'exposition Arman



"Je suis placé en fianchetto", répondait Arman à Marcel Duchamp en 1961, à New York. Il tentait par ce subterfuge d'attirer sur lui l'attention du "maître". En utilisant ce langage de joueur d'échecs – qui désigne la place du fou en contrôle de la diagonale –, l'artiste français, signataire du manifeste des nouveaux réalistes en octobre 1960, décrivait sa position sur la carte de la scène artistique française : regardant Paris depuis Nice, il se figurait sur cet axe majeur avec devant lui une perspective quasi infinie.

Arman affectionnait les boîtes, les cases, les territoires prospectifs du jeu d'échec et surtout du jeu de go. Déplaçons-nous, pour aborder Arman, sur les huit cases d'une hypothétique diagonale du fou.



A.1 : Le monde est grand, mais, à l'image du damier, il s'agit de le posséder. Claude Pascal, Yves Klein et Arman se le partagent en 1947, dans une salle de judo du Club de la police de Nice. Klein s'approprie l'espace, signe le bleu du ciel. Arman reçoit en dotation l'objet manufacturé, qui devait devenir progressivement le lieu commun de son oeuvre.

B.2 : Le quantitatif chez Arman met en jeu un principe de répétition d'où surgit la perception d'une différence, si infime soitelle. Arman avait le goût de la collection, amassant tout, depuis les plantes grasses sur le balcon de son appartement niçois jusqu'aux armures japonaises, sans oublier l'art nègre dont il devient un éminent spécialiste. Pour un objet affectionné, Arman était capable de tout : vendre,

Relations publiques et presse

XXV Biennale des Antiquaires - Contact des expositions

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Spécialité Biennale : Mobilier et objets d’Art des 17e

– 18e – 19See the continuation... ]

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Study on the sacred


Introduction
The sacred: the real paradigm
The flaw in the anthropological research of the sacred
The position of the African researcher
The inconsistency of the true-false paradigm of the irrational
The crucial importance of the event
Ancestor worship: in search of a definition
The premier event: the phenomenon agrarian
Biological Bases
The neurobiological underpinnings
Astronomical Foundations
Conclusion
Bibliography


Introduction


Welcome to this site dedicated to refuting the paradigm of the irrational use explicit about the facts of sacred archaic or traditional societies, and especially African societies.

As a member of these societies, the systematic use of the irrational as ultimate explanation of these facts is offensive and we might seem a lack of rigor in research.

In the approach to ethnology-anthropology there is always explicitly or implicitly begging the question that traditional societies through their culture could not produce something intellectually coherent. This profession of faith explains the systematic irrationality as an explanation of the ultimate sacred facts.

By irrational, what is heard is indeed something wrong, incoherent, that defies logic, in

                          
L’ARTISTE AFRICAIN

" Pour le sculpteur noir, le meilleur masque, dit-on, est le plus efficace ;
d'où vient son efficacité, sinon de la plénitude de son style ? "
A. MALRAUX

L'artiste africain, pour nous, est resté longtemps anonyme. Et pourtant, il joue un rôle essentiel entre le visible et l'invisible ; il participe à la cohésion et à l'évolution de son propre groupe culturel ; éventuellement, à travers sa création, il peut toucher des communautés voisines.

FORMATION

En Afrique, dès l'enfance, il existe une éducation collective par "classes d'âge". Après les toutes premières années, au moment du passage de l'adolescence à l'âge adulte, (excision, circoncision), donc à la séparation des sexes, le jeune homme -car en Afrique, c'est uniquement l'homme qui peut devenir artiste- sera en principe dirigé par les sages, selon ses dons, vers différents secteurs de la vie sociale : la chasse, la parole, le chant ou la musique, la sculpture sur bois ou le travail de la forge. Alors il recevra un enseignement sur

Work of art

A work of art, artwork, work or art object is a creation, such as an art object, design, architectural piece, musical work, literary composition, performance, film, conceptual art piece, or even computer program that is made and or valued primarily for an "artistic" rather than practical function. This article is concerned with the concept in the visual arts rather than music or literature, although similar issues arise in those fields.

Traditional media for visual works of art include: calligraphy, photography, carvings, gardens, ceramics, painting, prints, sculpture, drawings, photography or buildings. Since modernism, the field of fine art has expanded to include film, performance art, conceptual art, and video art.

What is perceived as a work of art differs between cultures and eras and by the meaning of the term "art" itself. From the Renaissance until the twentieth century, and to some extent still, Western art critics and the general western public tended not to define applied art or decorative art as works of art, or at least to accord them lower status than works, like paintings, with no practical use, according to the hierarchy of genres. Other cultures, for example Chinese and Islamic art have not made this distinction so strongly.

The related terms artwork and art object, used especially in American English, came into use in the 20th century, especially to describe modern and post-modern art, especially in works without significant skill or craft in creating the physical object. Some contemporary

Mythology

The term "mythology" sometimes refers to the study of myths and sometimes refers to a body of myths. For example, comparative mythology is the study of connections between myths from different cultures, whereas Greek mythology is the body of myths from ancient Greece. The term "myth" is often used colloquially to refer to a false story;[4][5] however, the academic use of the term generally does not refer to truth or falsity.In the field of folkloristics, a myth is conventionally defined as a sacred narrative explaining how the world and humankind came to be in their present form.Many scholars in other academic fields use the term "myth" in somewhat different ways. In a very broad sense, the term can refer to any traditional story.

Nature of myths

Typical characteristics

The main characters in myths are usually gods or supernatural heroes. As sacred stories, myths are often endorsed by rulers and priests and closely linked to religion. In the society in which it is told, a myth is usually regarded as a true account of the remote past.[14][17][18][15] In fact, many societies have two categories of traditional narrative—(1) "true stories", or myths, and (2) "false stories", or fables.Myths generally take place in a primordial age, when the world had not yet achieved its current form.[14] They explain how the world gained its current form and how customs, institutions, and taboos were established.

Related

Tradition

La tradition désigne la transmission continue d'un contenu culturel à travers l'histoire depuis un événement fondateur ou un passé immémorial (du latin traditio, tradere, de trans « à travers » et dare « donner », « faire passer à un autre, remettre »). Cet héritage immatériel peut constituer le vecteur d'identité d'une communauté humaine. Dans son sens absolu, la tradition est une mémoire et un projet, en un mot une conscience collective : le souvenir de ce qui a été, avec le devoir de le transmettre et de l'enrichir. Avec l'article indéfini, une tradition peut désigner un mouvement religieux par ce qui l'anime, ou plus couramment, une pratique symbolique particulière, comme par exemple les traditions populaires.

Religion

    * judaïsme : la tradition des prophètes
    * Dans le bouddhisme, une tradition désigne, par extension, l'ensemble des pratiques, des idées et des connaissances d'une école du bouddhisme.
      Article détaillé : tradition bouddhiste.
    * Islam : généalogie de Mahomet
    * Dans le catholicisme, la

Culture

Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate")[1] is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses:

    * excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture
    * an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning
    * the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.

When the concept first emerged in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe, it connoted a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horticulture. In the nineteenth century, it came to refer first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-nineteenth century, some scientists used the term "culture" to refer to a universal human capacity.

In the twentieth century, "culture" emerged as a concept central to anthropology, encompassing all human phenomena that are not purely results of human genetics.

Ethnology

Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "habit, custom, convention") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and/or national divisions of humanity.

Compared to ethnography, the study of single groups through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures. The term ethnology is credited to Adam Franz Kollár who used and defined it in his Historiae ivrisqve pvblici Regni Vngariae amoenitates published in Vienna in 1783. Kollár's interest in linguistic and cultural diversity was aroused by the situation in his native multi-lingual Kingdom of Hungary and his roots among its Slovaks, and by the shifts that began to emerge after the gradual retreat of the Ottoman Empire in the more distant Balkans.

Among the goals of ethnology have been the reconstruction of human history, and the formulation of cultural invariants, such as the incest taboo and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about "human nature", a concept which has been criticized since the 19th century by various philosophers (Hegel, Marx, structuralism, etc.). In some parts of the world ethnology has developed along independent paths of investigation and pedagogical doctrine, with cultural anthropology becoming dominant especially in the United States, and social anthropology in Great Britain. The distinction between the three terms is increasingly blurry. Ethnology has been

Primitive arts: political nomenclature or singular art?

Eugene Berg
Diplomat, former ambassador to Namibia, Botswana and Fiji. Author of 'Non-alignment and
New World Order '(PUF, 1980),' The International Politics since 1955 '(Economica, 1990) and' Chronology
internati''o''nale: 1945-1997 '(PUF, "Que sais-je?", 4th ed, 1997). Works since No. 19-20 to review work
made in the journal 'The Banquet'.

The inauguration of the Musée du Quai Branly, just as the opening
second France-Oceania summit, was a highlight of the cultural
quinquennium of Jacques Chirac. He will no doubt what would have been the Centre
Beaubourg Georges Pompidou, Musée d'Orsay for Valery Giscard
d'Estaing and Francois Mitterand National Library for. Expresses this
place that has done since its opening subject to real and sustained enthusiasm
People and challenges no less significant part of the community
scientific and museum? As written immediately Berenice
Geoffroy-Schneiter, this is "no accident that our west in search of
Spirituality landmarks and turns to these desperate travelers
the invisible. "

African art

African art constitutes one of the most diverse legacies on earth. Though many casual observers tend to generalize "traditional" African art, the continent is full of peoples, societies, and civilizations, each with a unique visual special culture. The definition also includes the art of the African Diasporas, such as the art of African Americans. Despite this diversity, there are some unifying artistic themes when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa.

    * Emphasis on the human figure: The human figure has always been a the primary subject matter for most African art, and this emphasis even influenced certain European traditions. For example in the fifteenth century Portugal traded with the Sapi culture near the Ivory Coast in West Africa, who created elaborate ivory saltcellars that were hybrids of African and European designs, most notably in the addition of the human figure (the human figure typically did not appear in Portuguese saltcellars). The human figure may symbolize the living or the dead, may reference chiefs, dancers, or various trades such as drummers or hunters, or even may be an anthropomorphic representation of a god or have other votive function. Another common theme is the inter-morphosis of human and animal.

Yoruba bronze head sculpture, Ife, Nigeria c. 12th century A.D.

    * Visual abstraction: African artworks tend to favor visual abstraction over naturalistic representation. This is because many African artworks generalize stylistic norms. Ancient Egyptian art, also usually thought of as naturalistically depictive, makes use of highly abstracted and regimented visual canons, especially in painting, as well as the use of different colors to represent the qualities and characteristics of an individual being depicted.

    * Emphasis on sculpture: African artists